What is a risk factor for developing melanoma?

• A. Actinic keratosis
• B. Three or more years with outdoor summer jobs as a teen
• C. Family history of melanoma in a first-degree relative
• D. Three or more blistering sun burns prior to age 20

Answer: (A)

Actinic keratosis signals significant sun-induced skin damage, which correlates with a higher risk of skin cancers, including melanoma. Its presence shows a field of photoaged skin with mutations from UV exposure, making it a meaningful risk factor for melanoma in this context. While a history of blistering sunburns in youth and having a first-degree relative with melanoma are also important risk factors, actinic keratosis provides a direct clinical marker of extensive UV damage that ties to melanoma risk, which is why it’s the best choice here. Outdoor work and family history indicate risk as well, but they’re not as specific to the skin changes associated with melanoma as AK.